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| 爱伦·坡 (Edgar Allen Poe 1809-1849) |
| 2007-07-16 来源:新浪论坛 作者: 点击: |
Edgar Allan Poe 爱伦·坡 was born January 19, 1809 in BostonDFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Best known for his poems and short fiction, Edgar Allan Poe deserves more credit than any other writer for the transformation of the short story from anecdote to art. He virtually created the detective story and perfected the psychological thriller. He also produced some of the most influential literary criticism of his time--important theoretical statements on poetry and the short story--and has had a worldwide influence on literature. DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Poe's parents were touring actors; both died before he was 3 years old, and he was taken into the home of John Allan, a prosperous merchant in Richmond, Va., and baptized Edgar Allan Poe. His childhood was uneventful, although he studied (1815-20) for 5 years in England. In 1826 he entered the University of Virginia but stayed for only a year. Although a good student, he ran up large gambling debts that Allan refused to pay. Allan prevented his return to the university and broke off Poe's engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweetheart. Lacking any means of support, Poe enlisted in the army. He had, however, already written and printed (at his own expense) his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), verses written in the manner of Byron. DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Temporarily reconciled, Allan secured Poe's release from the army and his appointment to West Point but refused to provide financial support. After 6 months Poe apparently contrived to be dismissed from West Point for disobedience of orders. His fellow cadets, however, contributed the funds for the publication of Poems by Edgar A. Poe...Second Edition (1831), actually a third edition--after Tamerlane and Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems (1829). This volume contained the famous To Helen and Israfel, poems that show the restraint and the calculated musical effects of language that were to characterize his poetry. DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Poe next took up residence in Baltimore with his widowed aunt, Maria Clemm, and her daughter, Virginia, and turned to fiction as a way to support himself. In 1832 the Philadelphia Saturday Courier published five of his stories--all comic or satiric--and in 1833, MS. Found in a Bottle won a $50 prize given by the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. Poe, his aunt, and Virginia moved to Richmond in 1835, and he became editor of the Southern Literary Messenger and married Virginia, who was not yet 14 years old. DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Poe published fiction, notably his most horrifying tale, Berenice, in the Messenger, but most of his contributions were serious, analytical, and critical reviews that earned him respect as a critic. He praised the young Dickens and a few other contemporaries but devoted most of his attention to devastating reviews of popular contemporary authors. His contributions undoubtedly increased the magazine's circulation, but they offended its owner, who also took exception to Poe's drinking. The January 1837 issue of the Messenger announced Poe's withdrawal as editor but also included the first installment of his long prose tale, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, five of his reviews, and two of his poems. This was to be the paradoxical pattern for Poe's career: success as an artist and editor but failure to satisfy his employers and to secure a livelihood. DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
First in New York City (1837), then in Philadelphia (1838-44), and again in New York (1844-49), Poe sought to establish himself as a force in literary journalism, but with only moderate success. He did succeed, however, in formulating influential literary theories and in demonstrating mastery of the forms he favored--highly musical poems and short prose narratives. Both forms, he argued, should aim at "a certain unique or single effect." His theory of short fiction is best exemplified in Ligeia (1838), the tale Poe considered his finest, and The Fall of the House of Usher (1839), which was to become one of his most famous stories. Whether or not Poe invented the short story, it is certain that he originated the novel of detection. Perhaps his best-known tale in this genre is The Gold Bug (1843), about a search for buried treasure. The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841), The Mystery of Marie Rog皻 (1842-1843), and The Purloined Letter (1844) are regarded as predecessors of the modern mystery, or detective, story. Among Poe's poetic output, about a dozen poems are remarkable for their flawless literary construction and for their haunting themes and meters. In The Raven (1845), for example, the narrator is overwhelmed by melancholy and omens of death. Poe's extraordinary manipulation of rhythm and sound is particularly evident in The Bells (1849), a poem that seems to echo with the chiming of metallic instruments, and The Sleeper (1831), which reproduces the state of drowsiness. Lenore (1831) and Annabel Lee (1849) are verse lamentations on the death of a beautiful young woman. DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Many of Poe's tales are distinguished by the author's unique grotesque inventiveness in addition to his superb plot construction. Such stories include The Pit and the Pendulum (1842), a spine-tingling tale of cruelty and torture; The Tell-Tale Heart (1843), in which a maniacal murderer is subconsciously haunted into confessing his guilt; and The Cask of Amontillado (1846), an eerie tale of revenge. DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
Virginia's death in January 1847 was a heavy blow, but Poe continued to write and lecture. In the summer of 1849 he revisited Richmond, lectured, and was accepted anew by the fiancee he had lost in 1826. After his return north he was found unconscious on a Baltimore street. In a brief obituary the Baltimore Clipper reported that Poe had died of "congestion of the brain." DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
诗人、小说家、批评家。1809年1月19日生于波士顿。父母在他幼年时先后死去。1811年他由弗吉尼亚里士满商人约翰·爱伦收养，随爱伦夫妇去英国。回里士满后，进入弗吉尼亚大学肄业一年。曾参加美国陆军，被选送至西点军校。1831年因故被军校开除，在巴尔的摩、里士满、纽约与费城等地写稿，曾在《南方文学使者》、《伯顿绅士杂志》参与编辑工作。1835年与表妹维吉尼亚·克莱姆结婚；1847年妻子病故，此后精神日益失常。1849年10月7日死于巴尔的摩。DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
爱伦·坡的诗集有《帖木儿》(1827)、《艾尔·阿拉夫》(1829)、《诗集》(1831)，诗中大多是古怪、奇特、病态的形象。他强调写忧郁的情绪，著名的《乌鸦》(1845)一诗就是这方面的代表作。爱伦·坡的短篇小说也颇有影响。他大约写了70篇短篇小说，收在《述异集》(1840)中。他的小说大致可分为恐怖小说和推理小说。前者包括《厄舍古厦的倒塌》、《红色死亡假面舞》、《莉盖亚》、《黑猫》、《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》等；后者如《莫格街谋杀案》、《被窃的信件》、《马里·罗盖特的秘密》、《你是那人》、《金甲虫》等。《莉盖亚》被认为是他最好的小说。DFZ星辉外国语学校
DFZ星辉外国语学校
爱伦·坡在西方还被认为是侦探小说的鼻祖，他的上述这类小说对西方侦探小说的发展有一定影响。爱伦·坡的文学批评论著有《创作哲学》(1846)、《诗歌原理》(1850)等。 |
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